![]() This is to ensure that the correct heat rise is identified and also to ensure that the intumescent PFP materials, which contain heat reactive chemicals, are correctly selected and specified for the project.Įnvironmental Resistance and Corrosion Protection: It is essential to identify the normal operating temperature range of the system being protected. Additionally, their low film thickness ensures that they do not significantly add to the surface area exposed to the blast and hence minimize the load that is subsequently transferred back into the structure. Intumescent fire protection systems offer a high degree of resistance to the loads imposed by blast overpressures. In addition, the PFP system may be required to offer thermal shock protection to the underlying substrate to prevent brittle fracture or cracking. Where there is the risk of LNG spillage the PFP system should be capable of withstanding the thermal shock of being exposed to temperatures as low as -196☌ (liquid nitrogen storage). See comparative graphs of fire test curves below.Ĭryogenic Spill Resistance – Thermal Shock Protection: The major difference is that the jet fire produces large erosive forces that can be very destructive to some PFP systems. Heat fluxes are dependent on type of fuel, fuel/oxygen mixture, flame size, etc, but are typically around 250 to 300 kW/m2 with potential peaks up to 350 kW/m2. A jet fire is characterized by the ignition of a discharge of flammable material under pressure. Jet fires: The most recently developed fire test standard is the jet fire test. Again, there are little or no erosive effects in this test. Heat fluxes typically range from 150 to 250 kW/m2. Hydrocarbon fires: These are fires characterized by burning hydrocarbon fuel, typically from a pool of burning fuel or burning gas cloud. ![]() There are little or no erosive effects in this test. They have a relatively slow rate of temperature rise with heat fluxes of typically 100 kW/m2. Cellulosic fires: These are fires characterized by the burning of cellulosic products such as wood, paper, furnishings, etc.Generally, there are three common types of fire that PFP systems are tested for:
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